if E is a function call or implicitly invokes a function, the constituent expressions of each default argument used in the call, or.

if E is a lambda expression, the initialization of the entities captured by copy and the constituent expressions of the initializer of the captures,.any function call that E implicitly invokes,.the constituent expressions of E’s operands,.The immediate subexpressions of an expression E are Num1 + = 1 // Case 1: the constitunent expression of `num += 1` is `num += 1` int arr2 = ` // (i.e. The constituent expressions of a brace-or-equal-initializer of the form = initializer-clause are the constituent expressions of the initializer-clause.The constituent expressions of a braced-init-list or of a (possibly parenthesized) expression list are the constituent expressions of the elements of the respective list.The constituent expression of an expression is that expression.user-defined literals are constant values of user-specified typeĪ constituent expression is defined as follows:.nullptr is the pointer literal which specifies a null pointer value.boolean literals are values of type bool, that is true and false.string literals are sequences of characters of type.floating-point literals are values of type float, double, or long double.character literals are individual characters of type.integer literals are decimal, octal, hexadecimal or binary numbers of integer type.Literals are the tokens of a C++ program that represent constant values embedded in the source code. Parentheses preserve value, type, and value category. identifiers to be declared in declaratorsĪny expression in parentheses is also classified as a primary expression: this guarantees that the parentheses have higher precedence than any operator.suitably declared qualified identifiers (e.g.suitably declared unqualified identifiers (e.g.Primary expressions are any of the following: in 1 + 2 * 3, the operands of operator+ are the subexpression 2 * 3 and the primary expression 1). The operands of any operator may be other expressions or primary expressions (e.g. constant expressions can be evaluated at compile time and used in compile-time context (template arguments, array sizes, etc).delete expression deallocates memory dynamically.new expression allocates memory dynamically.user-defined conversion makes it possible to specify conversion from user-defined classes.explicit cast conversion using C-style cast notation and function-style notation.standard conversions implicit conversions from one type to another.operator overloading makes it possible to specify the behavior of the operators with user-defined classes.alternative representations are alternative spellings for some operators.operator precedence defines the order in which operators are bound to their arguments.Noexcept checks if an expression can throw an exception (since C++11)Īlignof queries alignment requirements of a type (since C++11) Typeid queries the type information of a type queries the size of a parameter pack (since C++11) New creates objects with dynamic storage durationĭelete destructs objects previously created by the new expression and releases obtained memory area Reinterpret_cast converts type to unrelated typeĬ-style cast converts one type to another by a mix of static_cast, const_cast, and reinterpret_cast Static_cast converts one type to another related typeĭynamic_cast converts within inheritance hierarchies order of evaluation of arguments and subexpressions specify the order in which intermediate results are obtained.value categories (lvalue, rvalue, glvalue, prvalue, xvalue (since C++11)) classify expressions by their values.Member access operators: a, *a, &a, a->b, a.b, a->*b, a.*b

Increment and decrement: ++a, -a, a++, a. Value categories (lvalue, rvalue, xvalue)Ĭharacter literals including escape sequencesĪ=b, a+=b, a-=b, a*=b, a/=b, a%=b, a&=b, a|=b, a^=b, a>=b

Expressions